Nope, that's the right book! I forgot about the Brazilian Catholics! And it had a rather better integration of the mutilation and murder and such into the worldbuilding and plot than The Sparrow did :D

Heh, speaking of whump, I've noticed before that Card, especially in his early-to-mid career books, has been rather fond of torturing many of his male characters. (His female characters have tended to get off with severe emotional trauma rather than overt physical trauma.)